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　　I. Overview of Bone Nail

　　

　　Bone nail, also known as fracture fixation screw, is often used as a fixed orthopedic implant in clinic. Bone nails are usually used to fix internal fractures or dislocations. By directly screwing in two different bone blocks or fixing bone plates and other internal implants, the fractures can be fixed, the bones can be positioned and their healing can be promoted. Bone nails are widely used, including shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, spine and other major areas. For example, pedicle screw system is used for spinal fusion, and compression bone screws are usually used for foot and ankle surgery or other fixation of fractures under pressure. Yao Ming, Duran and other famous stars have implanted bone nails.

　　

　　Second, the main structure of bone nail

　　

　　Similar to traditional mechanical screws, the main structure of bone nail also includes nail cap, nail body and nail tip.

　　

　　Schematic diagram of main structure of bone nail

　　

　　Three, according to the screw function classification

　　

　　Bone screws can be divided into plate screws, tension screws, position screws, interlocking screws and reduction screws according to their different functions.

　　

　　Table 1. Function Classification of Screws

　　

　　Several common screws

　　

　　Fourth, bone nail materials change with each passing day

　　

　　Traditional bone nails are mainly made of two materials, stainless steel and titanium. With the advent of new biodegradable biomaterials, more and more materials are used to make bone nails.

　　

　　(1) Bioabsorbable screws

　　

　　At present, although Chinese enterprises still mainly promote basic products, new degradable bone nails are being actively developed and put into the market. In recent years, more bone nails made of absorbable materials have entered the market and achieved good clinical results.

　　

　　Common absorbable screws (left: PLA absorbable screws; Right: magnesium bone nail)

　　

　　(2) Coated screws

　　

　　In addition to manufacturing materials as a whole, many companies have also begun to study the surface coating of screws, thus increasing the surface wear resistance and hardness of bone nails and reducing the effect of material rejection. For example, Nail PROtect, launched by DePuy Synthes, an orthopedic materials giant, claims to have the effect of preventing infection.

　　

　　Nail PROtect

　　

　　(3) Biological bone nail

　　

　　At present, there is no manufacturer producing biological bone material in China, but the excellent biological performance and postoperative rehabilitation effect of biological bone material are better than any artificial implant. The good biocompatibility of biological bone nail does not need to worry about rejection and secondary surgery. Researchers at the University of Graz in Austria have developed an allogenic orthopedic screw and named it shark screw, which has been clinically applied in 14 hospitals in Austria. Although the problem of bone donation needs to be solved in addition to processing technology, with the enhancement of Chinese people’s awareness of donation and the current situation of China’s population base, it is believed that biological bone materials also have huge market potential.

　　

　　Shark screw

　　

　　It is expected that the relevant enterprises in China’s bone nail industry will start from the details, concentrate on research and development, pay attention to innovation, and take advantage of the policy dividend, and small screws can also raise hundreds of millions of markets ~